Degeneracy (multiple realizability)
One-liner: Many different micro-arrangements can realize the same higher-level function.
In Juarrero’s usage
Supports robustness under material turnover, top-down control in analog form, and resistance to type–token essentialism. Different routes to the same cognitive or biological function.
Not to confuse with
- Everyday “degenerate” insult
- Random failure
Everyday example
Multiple neural or behavioral strategies can produce “reaching for the cup”; the higher function persists across realizations.
Related
Best local sources
- REPORT §2.4